Investment process from the perspective of systemic approach
About the systemic approach. The systemic approach is the direction of scientific knowledge and the methodology of social practice, which is based on the discussion of the objects in systems. it is used as an instrumentarium, which directs the research to the substantiating the wholeness of the object, discovers various contacts in it and gathers them into the total complex.
The systemic approach in its essence is the concrete principles of the dialectical materialism, in the bounds of which, we can discuss the investment process the series of those operations (the kinds of activities), which is fulfilled at the beginning capital (the preface of the process). It increases the value and conditions a definite result (the exit of the process). It is possible to learn the investing process from the position of the systemic approach, because the investment process is an economical system and it has a preface – the complex position of this system (investment surrounding) and exit – the changes of the entering investments into the economical system. The result of investing process got at the exit, defines the development of the economical system, in which the process is going on, and gives in it rise to the rates of the economical growth.
Ruling the investing process. The investment process is realized by ruling. It is discussed to be such a strategy, which guarantees achieve maximum effectiveness and it leads every kind of activity to the maximal growth of the economical system. Ruling consists of the following active cycles:
1. the analyze of the current position of the investment process, in which consists of: the analyzes of the investment attractiveness and investment business, satisfaction of the requirements for investments of the economical system;
2. definition of the showing of volume needed by the investments and of the investment attractiveness, to which this volume is conformed;
3. Working out activities which provide needed position of the systems’ investment attractiveness;
4. The changes of the incomes in the investments of the economical system, which is provoked by the changes of investment attractiveness;
5. Changing of the parameters of economical system at the investors’ expenses, which exists in the changing of the rates of economical growth.
Permanent realization of this cycle improves the ruling system of the investment process and increases the defectiveness of functioning of the economical system.
The realization of the systemic approach is situated in the analyzing the investment process not only in the horizontal section (the ruling subject – investment attractiveness – investor – investment business – the volume of the investment – investment object – ruling subject), but also in the vertical one (the world comradeship – country – region – field – manufacture – physical person). Such discussion reduces the quantity of repeated activity of the ruling of investment process and gives the complex theoretical picture of the investment process.
For preparing and realizing effective investment policy it is important to define clearly and simply the criteria of estimating the investment situation formed in the country, economical fields and regions; also working out methodological apparatus adequate to the economical regalia and its successive usage.
The investment process (that is the process of realizing investments) has every feature of the system: there always is in it a subject (an investor), object (investment object), the connection between them (investment in the purpose of getting income) and surrounding, in which they exist (investment surrounding). It is characterized with a special structure and the opportunity of an exact identification between other economical process. It displays its features as a result of interaction with other systems, protects a definite conception and reflects the points of view, aims and values of the subject of the investment process. Connection is the system-forming factor, because it unites all other elements into one whole (pic. 1). the systemic approach gives an opportunity of exhaustive description of the investment process essence and defines fully its basic concept.
The investment process is defined by the formed interaction about situating investments between the investment subject and object for getting income, also the realized investing influence from the side of subject and ruling organs upon the object; and changing of the conditions of investment surrounding.
Place of the investment process in the system of social relations. The investment process doesn’t exist itself and it is always involved into the sphere of following level, that is to say that it must be discussed in the bound of the total approach – discuss the system in the sphere of the interconnections with other systems. This gives us an opportunity of describing the place and role of the investment process as in the separate sphere of the activity and also in the system of the social relations. Every subject is oriented towards the development and always demands the supplementing of resource and changing this or that feature. The orientation towards the supplementing this deficit with own forces, slows the economical growth, because it demands from the subject to provide amused activities and wasting the time the its basic resources on this. In the conditions of specialization, the reducing of own forces makes the subject search for the object, the features of which give him an opportunity of of filling the existed deficit with a minimal investments. The need of investments appears, when the potential of the chosen object does not satisfy the necessary criteria and needs a kind of outer participation for its development. The possibility of the investment development occurs when the resources owned by the subject and its features give the opportunity of needed influence of the object upon the demanded features of the object.
At the moment of fulfilling the investment, investor makes contacts with the concrete object. Under the investors influence the features of the investment object changes and then these changed features in the face of investment income influences upon the investor, changes its features, including – filling the resource deficit. After finishing the investment process, the subject and object begin new existence; consequently, the investment process gives rise to the diffusion of the object and subjects’ features.
The dynamic of the social development is defined by the development of separate spheres of the activity. If the revolutionary sudden changes of this or that sphere of the activity gives stimulus to the unseen before growth, this gives rise to the natural chain reaction of the development of connected to these spheres. If the evolution development of the spheres of activities takes place, its dynamics, as a rule, is defined by the least developed abilities. When the investments and investment income have different subject consistence, that is if they belong to the different spheres of activities, the various investment processes make these spheres inter penetrative. According to this, the logical ruled changing of their development dynamics take place. This provokes the natural chain reaction of the development of the interconnected spheres. Consequently, the investment processes give opportunity of making and keeping natural chain reaction of the interconnected spheres of the activities. These processes appear to be the fastening factor for the social development.
Showing the connections between the basic categories of the investment process give the opportunity of establishing dependence of the investment volume to the factors and conditions of the investment domain, that is the investment surrounding formed in the region.
The picture 1.4 may elucidate basic structural elements of the investment surrounding and the connections between them, which are shown in literature.
The interconnection of consisting comp
onents of the investment process. Such an approach reflects the most essential sides of the investment process, but doesn’t give us opportunity of taking in mind the influence of the current processes upon the investment surrounding and on the contrary – of the investment surrounding upon the investment process. That’s why we think important to discuss differently the interconnection of the consisting components of the investment process.
The investment attractiveness is a positive category in its context, and the investment risks participating in the process of forming this attractiveness – a negative one. That’s why it is important to turn the quantitative showings of the risks into the quantitative showings of the concept, which is essentially opposite to the concept of “the investment risk” during taking in mind the noncommercial investment risks, as a complex factor of the investment attractiveness. We must call such a concept (the antonym to the concept of the investment risk) “social-economical and economical security of the investors” or, in other words, investment security (consequently, on the macro-economical, regional, field and industrial level). The mentioned changing gives an opportunity of avoiding inter contrary influence upon the resulting showing – the investment attractiveness of two complex factors – the investment potential and noncommercial risks.
Exactly same way, every private factor of these generalized concepts have at the same positive quantitative [removed]with the help of the positive showing – for defining the final level of the field’s investment
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